Rubble management, stacked ashlar masonry, 2nd category, after initial sorting, Suq al-Jukh (bazaar lane of cloth), Aleppo, Syria

Fig.21_2nd category, stacked ashlar masonry

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan

In al-Hayat/Balikh valley: procedure of calcination of gypsum is finished and packed into sacks (3rd step): the natural gypsum stone was burned to produce gypsum as building material

In al-Hayat/Balikh valley: procedure of calcination of gypsum is finished and packed into sacks (3rd step): the natural gypsum stone was burned to produce gypsum as building material

Rubble stone with inscription

Fig.42_ٍStone with inscription

A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra

A group of columns, remains of the southern Roman baths in Busra

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan

Carved and ornamented stones, 1st category remains, from portal of Ujkhan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.18-c_Carved and ornamented stones

Stories

In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure for calcination of gypsum (1st step), fuel is placed on a natural gypsum layer

In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure for calcination of gypsum (1st step), fuel is placed on a natural gypsum layer

Damage pattern, fractures in masonry of a pillar, Jarash, Jordan

Fig. 09, Catalogue of Damage

Multilayered wall construction: generic example of a 2-shell stone masonry wall with rubble infill

Wall-2-leaves

Damage pattern, hollow area, in plaster on sandstone, Franciscan monastery, Zeitz, Germany

Fig. 47, Catalogue of Damage

Entrance of Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit

Entrance of Hammam ʿAbd al-Basit

Hammam Bahram Pasha, exterior facade

Hammam Bahram Pasha, exterior facade

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade – decorated window

Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior and Shrine of the Prophet Zechariah

Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior and Shrine of the Prophet Zechariah

Damage pattern, scaling in sandstone masonry, Arrezzo, Italy

Fig. 34-b, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, Partial collapse, of Barsin mosque, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 04, Catalogue of Damage

Constructive crack pattern in masonry wall; al-Madrasa at-Turuntaʾiyya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 07, Catalogue of Damage

Pillar with structural damage, after emergency structural support in al-Bahramiyya Mosque, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.46-b_Pillar with structural damage, after emergency support

Damage pattern, wall bulging

Fig. 10, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, water infiltration, on render on brick masonry, Old city center, Warsaw, Poland

Fig. 26, Catalogue of Damage

Constructive crack pattern in masonry wall; al-Madrasa at-Turuntaʾiyya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 08, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, loose construction elements, remaining after a hole caused by shelling, Madrasat al-Firdaws, Aleppo

Fig. 19, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, loose construction components in the dome stone construction of Salih al-Hal mosque, Aleppo

Fig. 21, Catalogue of Damage

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade - decorated window

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, western facade – decorated window

Baalshamin Temple (2nd c AD), view from north west

Baalshamin Temple (2nd c AD), view from north west

In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure of calcination of gypsum (2nd step): the fuel was lit

In al-Hayat/Balikh valley, procedure of calcination of gypsum (2nd step): the fuel was lit

Carved and ornamented stone, 1st category remains, from portal of Ujkhan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.18_1st category, carved and ornamented stone

Fragment with wall painting, 1st category remains, from San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.20_1st category